what is a stack angle in open pit mining

what is a stack angle in open pit mining Mining Openpit mining Wikipedia the free encyclopedia Openpit mines are typically enlarged until either the mineral resource is exhausted Most walls of the pit are generally dug on an angle less than vertical »More detailedget price

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The inclination of any pit wall composed of stacks of benches is limited by the overall quality and structural complexity of the rock mass in which the slope is situated For a bench stack angle that satisfies the stability criteria various combinations of bench height bench face angle and berm width can be used in the slope design The bench face angle and berm width geometries must be chosen to fit

Chimiwungo main open pit has experienced slope failure in the weathered rock formation in the middle stack for a decade now In this article the geotechnical analysis was conducted to determine

In the mining industry nomenclature can be very important This became especially clear to me a few weeks ago when discussing the slope angle of an open pit mine In the context of the discussion the term overall slope angle was used

The overall pit slope angle is the angle from the toe of the bottom bench to the cres t of the top bench Point A shows the interce pt of the overall pit slope angle with the original ground surface

stack angle BSA measured from toe to crest that satisfies the stability criteria for the rock mass in which it is situated various combinations of bench The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

Let’s clarify this interaction Assume an open pit mine with a substantial overall slope height Now assume a bench height of 15m a required catch bench width of 8m with a stability determined face angle of 70° Assume the interramp slope has been determined to be acceptably stable at an angle of 55° with a ramp width of 33m and a

Jan 09 2016 · Basic Concept 12 Open pit Mining method 13 Bench 14 Open Pit Bench Terminology 15 Bench height 16 Cutoff grade 17 Open Pit Stability i Pit slope ii Pit wall stability iii Rock strength iv Pit Depth v Pit diameter vi Water Damage vii Strip Ratio SR 18 Openpit mining sequence 19 Various openpit and orebody

The interramp slope angle is measured from toe to toe or crest to crest exclusive of any ramps Slope Stability in Surface Mining WA Hustrulid p48 By excluding ramps or other offsets the interramp angle is kept static no matter how many benches are measured The interramp angle is similar to the face angle because it is static

In the mining industry nomenclature can be very important This became especially clear to me a few weeks ago when discussing the slope angle of an open pit mine In the context of the discussion the term overall slope angle was used

Jan 01 2012 · This article reminds the principles of slope design in open pit mines and presents techniques and tools available to address the successive stages of slope design Their practical implementation is then illustrated by two case studies of open pit mines Corresponding author Tel 33 164694813 fax 33 164694711

A Brief History of Open Pit Slope Design Slope design is an integral part of the engineering of an open pit regardless of its size Most cases the slope angles are a key component dictating the economic viability of a proposed or current mining project This has resulted in open pit mining operating

Analyses of a deep wall in an open pit mine in the Peruvian Andes are used to compare limit equilibrium methods SLIDE with distinct element methods UDEC when the stability is controlled by rock mass strength The pit wall has an overall slope angle of 37º and a height of 600 metres with an interramp angle

Openpit mining or opencast mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow This form of mining differs from extractive methods that require tunneling into the earth such as long wall mining Openpit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful minerals or rocks are found near the surface that is

The overall pit slope angle is the angle from the toe of the bottom bench to the cres t of the top bench Point A shows the interce pt of the overall pit slope angle with the original ground surface

Jan 09 2016 · • Geology determines limits but about 58 to 72 degrees is a common range for toe to crest in open pit metal • Overall slopes often more conservative  Frequently less than 45 degrees  Cannanea Mexico is nearly 60 35

instability Openpit designs should attempt to avoid the presence of adversely oriented structurally controlled discontinuities in the highwall Gregg River Mine 4 in Alberta Canada had two highwall slopes 160 and 2195 m 525 and 720 ft high excavated in a dipping strata in approximately the same lithologic and structural environment

Open order An order to buy or sell stock which is good until cancelled by the client Open pit A mine that is entirely on surface Also referred to as opencut or opencast mine Option An agreement to purchase a property reached between the property vendor and some other party who wishes to explore the property further

Open pit mines can be used in coal mining and they are used extensively in hard rock mining for ores such as metal ores copper gold iron aluminum and many minerals In a open pit coal mine the pit bottom would be the bottom mined coal seam elevation since it is usually feasible to extract multiple seams when surface mining coal

Bench and Berm Geotechnical Design Open Pit Mining The inclination of any pit wall composed of stacks of benches is limited by the overall quality and structural complexity of the rock mass in which the slope is situated For a bench stack angle that satisfies the stability criteria various combinations of bench height bench face angle and berm width can be used in the slope design

Detailed geotechnical data is often a major unknown factor in open pit design and mining the lack of which constitutes a significant risk in any mining venture As geotechnical data is accumulated so the risk of unforeseen conditions reduces and so

Openpit Mining Openpit mining also known as opencast mining opencut mining and strip mining means a process of digging out rock or minerals from the earth by their elimination from an open pit or borrow The word is used to distinguish this type of mining from

The units for stripping ratios can vary and usually depends on the geological properties of the deposit and the commodity mined It can be expressed in tonnes t or cubic meters m 3Usually for coal cubic meters m 3 or tonnes t are r for hard rock mines where the geology is usually complex with the presence of various rock types tonnage t is usually preferred

Openpit Mining Openpit mining also known as opencast mining opencut mining and strip mining means a process of digging out rock or minerals from the earth by their elimination from an open pit or borrow The word is used to distinguish this type of mining from

Key words Open pit mining bench height multicriteria decision making INTRODUCTION As a definition in open pit mining bench height is the vertical distance between crest and toe of the bench Fourie and Dohm 1992 Determination of optimum bench height is a major concern in most open pit

Inpit tailings storage as the name suggests is simply the process of backfilling abandoned open pit surface mines with tailings figure 1 This method is very attractive to a mine operator as worked out voids can be filled at a fraction of the costs associated with designing constructing and operating a conventional thickened paste or

The combined surface and underground mining method is typically used in an openpit mine for better production and profits However the improved scale of mining operations at the combined mining conditions results in even more intensive strata movement and massive ground damages This paper assesses the progressive development of the characteristics of roof movement with the longwall face

In model 1 with Stephen and in the previous topic we saw that the geological aspect is one of the main factors that affect the design of a surface mine What are the characteristics and other aspects should be taken into a code for the final configuration of the surface mine Between them we have to take into account of the safety economics and the recovery of the material In the next

Stack Exchange network consists of 176 QA communities including Stack Overflow the largest most trusted online community for developers to learn Using an angle grinder youre going to end up with melted PVC clogging the blade and possible fire from hot

The higher productivity for open pit mining equipment also lowers costs The necessary underground equipment for maintaining productivity is more expensive on a unit basis capacity than corresponding open pit equipment Furthermore the large production scale and share number of open pit mines have provided the opportunity for manufacturing

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The “stack” looks like a tall column of telephone books or news papers Fig 1 shear angle bounding the roof block dips at typically 60 degrees and extends upward often to a strong mining orientation is the first job in improving roof conditions This can be accomplished by first

Nov 09 2015 · Note that each pit slope can have a different angle according to the requirements of the design – with or without haul road geology etc Figure 28 Openpit mining sequence for pipelike orebody 11 P D Y 3 1 0 211 Mineral and especially waste transport costs comprise the greatest amount of an openpit mine’s working costs

Of all the mine exploitation systems block caving has the lowest cost except for maybe openpit mining or insitu recovery CutandFill Mining A method of shorthole mining cutandfill mining is used in irregular or steeply dipping ore zones especially where the

Feasibility Study being prepared for the NorthMet project by PolyMet Mining Corporation provides the following information in support of open pit development • Recommendations for ultimate pit rock slope configurations based on kinematic assessments • Recommendations for pit slope monitoring and instrumentation requirements

May 15 2007 · Angle A can have some small effect by allowing greater braced string tension for higher early draw weight which affects stack also But if the outer limbs were stiff and their tips in the same place when unbraced the outer limbs could approach the nock at severe negative or positive angles with no effect on stack assuming no string contact